BEEKEEPING
IS A BUZZ-Y JOB
"They're
funny little critters" Ollie Westfall says about the thousands of bees in
the dozens of hives scattered around his place in Ghent and on other nearby
properties. A talk with him reveals
there is more to keeping bees than scooping out honey without getting stung.
"About
35 years ago, I was working on a barn with a hive in it. Vic Borghi took it out and asked was I
interested in learning how to take care of bees and I said 'Sure'. I did it for about 20 years, left them when I
moved, and then got back in to it again", the Chatham area native related,
adding "It's a lot harder this time around than 35 years ago."
Things
making it harder range from mites to bears.
Varroa Destructor, a parasite, is "A big problem - the mites weaken
the hive so the bees won't survive the winter." He has photos of a bear raiding his
hives. "They aren't after the honey
(contrary to Winnie The Pooh), they're after the brood, the bee larvae. They need the protein, especially when they
come out of hibernation."
Pesticides,
a "real big problem", cause losses in the millions - big producers
may lose 30% to 40% of their bees a year.
That's huge for the ones who pollinate crops so we can eat.
Bees
have a hierarchy, each has its own job to do.
Every hive has one queen who lays eggs at the rate of 1,500 to 2,000 a
day for several years. "She's what
keeps that hive goin'," Ollie said, adding the queen is twice the size of
the others and worker bees you see on flowers are undeveloped queens. Drones "walk around the hive and eat
honey", their sole purpose is to service the queen. "Come September you see the workers
driving them out because they don't want them in the hive over the winter."
Speaking
of winter, a hive needs 75 to 100 pounds of honey to get through the cold season. If there is not enough, he makes a heavy
sugar-water syrup to give them more to eat.
The bees form a tight nucleus in the hive, keeping the temperature at 95
degrees. This group keeps turning as
they eat the honey; the outer and inner bees work their way to and from the
center to maintain their body temperature.
To
keep cool in summer they sit on the front of the hive flapping their wings to
create a breeze, or 'beard': hang in a group on the front of the hive.
"I
try to make my own hives", he said.
"It can be a lot of work.
Some people just let them 'do their own thing' but I like to see what's
going on. If you wait too long and
something happens it takes a long time to bring them back. Like, if a queen isn't laying enough eggs you
replace her - the hive needs a queen to survive." To create new hives, he tries to split a
strong, established one in the spring. "If you put a queen with bee
attendants to take care of her she'll go with them."
The
hives repopulate themselves each spring.
"You have to get the queen to start laying - the faster you do
that, the faster the workers bring in the nectar." The most flowers are in spring and early
summer, with only a few nectar ones now blooming. Ollie said the past spring was 'lousy' for
his bees because the rain and cold slowed flowers blooming.
The
bees find flowers by sending out a scout who may go two to three miles to find blossoms. They then fly back to the hive and do a
'waggle dance', walking in a figure eight pattern as they shake their rear to
show they have found pollen. The
movement shows the direction the flowers are in, how long they waggle tells how
far to fly to find them.
To
process the honey, which he sells along with his maple syrup and beeswax
candles at a small stand, he takes the frames from the hives, puts 'bee escape'
pieces on them to drive the bees out of the honey and then puts them into an
extractor which spins the honey out. The
raw honey is run through a strainer to remove any debris and then is bottled
for sale.
The
flavor of the honey depends on the flowers where the bees gather nectar. His is from a variety of wildflowers. Clover, buckwheat or other types come from
hives placed where acres of just that crop grows. Besides being a tasty sweetener, honey is
taken to ward off allergies and bee venom therapy is used to help with
arthritis.
Bees
dying out has been in the news and is a big concern. In a hard winter such as the one a couple of
years ago he can lose a lot of bees.
"There's not just one thing - besides the mites there is colony
collapse disorder where the bees just disappear and you can't pin a
reason," he said, shaking his head.
African Killer Bees can ward off the mites; these come from a queen who
has a mean streak which she breeds into the hive. Cornell is doing extensive studies on bees
and working on a queen that will produce bees that will knock the mites off the
other bees. The public can help slow the
demise of bees by being aware of pesticides, being careful what they spray on
lawns and gardens.
In
a last comment, Ollie advises "The public needs to become more aware of
what's happening with honey bees. Put in
bee friendly plants." Good advice
if we want to keep these 'funny little critters' buzzing around to help keep us
fed.